DC Circuits:  Voltage And Current Sources, Kirchhoff's Laws And Network Solution, Network Analysis By Mesh And Node Analysis, Superposition Theorem, Thevenin's Theorem, Norton's Theorem, Delta Star Transformation And Vice-Versa, Maximum- Power Transfer Theorem, Energy Storage Elements, Step Response Of Rl, Rc And Rlc Circuits.

Single Phase AC Fundamentals: Alternating Current Systems, Waveform Terms And Definitions, Average And R.M.S. Values Of Alternating, Quantities, Phasor Notation, Solution And Phasor Diagram Of Single Phase Ac Circuits With Sinusoidal Source Excitation.

Three Phase AC Fundamentals: Disadvantages Of Single Phase System, Three Phase Voltages And Currents, Voltages And Currents In Star And Delta Connected Systems, Power In A Three Phase System, Solution Of Three Phase Balanced Circuits, Power And Power Factor Measurement By Two Watt-Meter Method.

Magnetic Circuits: Introduction To Magnetic Circuit, Magneto Motive Force And Magnetic Field Strength, Permeability Of Free Space, Relative Permeability, Reluctance, Comparison Of Electric And Magnetic Circuits, B/H Curve, Magnetic Circuits Calculations, Self And Mutual Inductance.

Transformers: Introduction, Basic Principle, Emf Equation, Approximate Equivalent Circuit, Phasor Diagram, Losses, Efficiency And Condition For Maximum Efficiency, Voltage Regulation, Open Circuit And Short Circuit Tests.

Electric Machines: Operating Principle And Application Of Dc Machine As Generator And Motor, Emf And Torque Equations, Methods Of Excitation.

Semiconductor Diode: Pn-Junction, Junction Theory, V-I Characteristics Of A Pn-Junction Diode, Ideal Diode, Use Of Diode In Rectifiers: Half Wave Rectifiers, Full Wave Rectifiers, Zener Diode, Varacter Diode, Light Emitting Diodes.

Bipolar Junction Transistor: Introduction, Junction Transistor Structure, Operation, Transistor Amplifying Action, Cb, Cc And Ce Configuration, Characteristics, Application Of Transistor As An Amplifier.

Field Effect Transistor: Introduction, Types Of Fet's, Jfet's, Mosfet's, Cmos, Characteristics, Working, Applications.

Oscillators: Block Diagram Of Feedback Circuit Used As An Oscillator, Barkhausen Criterion, Types Of Oscillators.

Boolean Algebra And Logic Gates: Binary And Hexadecimal Number System, Bcd And Weighted Codes, Binary Arithmetic, Logic Positive And Negative Logic, Basic And Universal Logic Gates. Boolean Algebra And Postulates, Reduction Of Boolean Expression.

Flip Flops: Concept Of Flip-Flops, Rs, D, Jk And T Types, Triggered And Clocked, Master Slave, Shift Register, Concept Of Synchronous And Asynchronous Counters. Half And Full Adder, Subtractor, Seven Segment Display, Concept Of Mux, Demux, Decoder And Encoder.

Test And Measuring Instruments: Block Diagram, Concept Of Digital Electronic Voltmeters, Ammeter And Wattmeter, Cro, Signal Generators, Sensors And Transducers And Their Classification. Working Principle Of Resistive, Capacitive,Photosensitive And Temperature Transducers. Block Diagram And Working Principle Of Analog And Digital Data Acquisition System.Communication: Basic Concepts, Modulation, Need For Modulation, Introduction To Am, Fm, Pm.

Introduction: Computer Basic, Block Diagram Of Computer, Memory Hierarchy, Types Of Ram, Secondary Memory Introduction To Operating Systems, Programming Languages, Program Structure, Linux Shell Commands, Bourne Shell, C Shell, Korn Shell.

Basic Constructs Of C: Keywords, Identifiers, Variables, Symbolic Constants, Data Types And Their Storage, Operands, Arithmetic Operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Bitwise Operators, Increment & Decrement Operators, Expressions, Conditional Expressions, Assignment Operators And Expressions, Type Conversions, Precedence And Order Of Evaluation, External Variables And Scope Of Variables. Basic Input Output, Formatted I/O.

Program Control Flow: Statements And Blocks, Conditional Statements, If, Else-If, Switch Case Statements, Control Loops, For, While And Do-While, Go To And Labels.

Arrays & Functions: Pointers And Addresses, Arrays, Multi Dimensional Arrays, Strings, Pointer Arrays, Functions, Function Prototyping, Scope Of Functions, Arguments, Call By Value And Call By References, Static Variables, Recursion, C-Preprocessor And Macros, Command Line Arguments.

Structures: Structures, Array Of Structures, Pointer To Structures, Typedef, Unions, Bit Fields, Passing Structures As An Argument To Functions.

Input And Output: Standard And Formatted Input And Output, File Access & Its Types, Line Input And Output, Types Of Files, Binary & Ascii Files, Error Handling, Stderr And Exit Functions.

Introduction To Object Oriented Programming: Classes And Objects, Structures Vs Classes, Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Inheritance.

Laws Of Thermodynamics: First Law Of Thermodynamics, Steady Flow Energy Equation And Its Applications (Nozzle, Throttling Device, Turbine, Compressor, Heat Exchanger). Limitations Of First Law, Statements Of Second Law By Max-Planck And Clausis, Equivalence Between The Two Statements. Reversible And Irreversible Processes, Carnot's Theorem. Energy Analysis Of A Heat Engine, Refrigerator And Heat Pump.

Steam And Its Formation: P-V, P-T, T-S, H-S Diagrams Of Water. Dryness Fraction And Its Measurement By Calorimeter. Uses Of Steam Tables And Mollier Chart (H-S Chart)

Power Cycles: Carnot And Rankine Steam Power Cycles. Effect Of Mean Temperature Of Heat Addition On Ranking Cycle Efficiency. Otto, Diesel And Dual Combustion Cycles For Reciprocating I.C. Engines.

Kinematics Of Fluid Flow: Types Of Flow, Acceleration In Fluid Flow, Stream Lines, Stream Tubes, Irrotational Flow, Stream Function, Velocity Potential, Flow Nets.

Fluid Dynamics: Equation Of Continuity, Euler's Equation, Bernoulli's Equation, Simple Applications To One Dimensional Flow Problems.

Flow Measurement: Pilot Tube, Venturimeter, Orifice Meter, Notches (Rectangular & Triangular) And Weirs, Rota Meter.

Simple Stress And Strains: Concept Of Stress And Strain. Stress And Strains In Bars Subjected To Tension And Compression, Stress Strain Diagrams, Mechanical Properties, Factor Of Safety, Extension Of Uniform Bar Under Its Own Weight, Stress Produced In Compound Bars (Two Or Three) Due To Axial Loads.

Bending Moment (B.M.) And Shear Force (S.F.): Diagrams For Cantilevers, Simply Supported Beams With Or Without Overhang And Calculation Of Maximum B.M. And S.F. And The Point Of Contra Flexture Under The Following Loads.

Mechanics
Linear Kinematics And Its Equations Of Motion, Projectile Motion, Circular Motion.

Newton's Laws Of Motion, Principle Of Conservation Of Momentum Applications To Linear And Planar Motion, Concept Of Friction And Its Laws, Motion On Smooth And Rough Inclined Planes, Simple And Complex Atwood's Machines.

Concept Of Work, Energy And Power, Work-Energy Principle, Principle Of Conservation Of Energy.Rotational Motion, Equations Of Rotational Kinematics, Moment Of Inertia And Radius Of Gyration Of A Rotating Body; Torque And Angular Momentum; Work, Power And Energy In Rotational Motion, Conservation Of Angular Momentum.

Simple Harmonic Motion And Its Characteristics, Energetic Of Simple Harmonic Motion, Idea Of Damped And Forced Oscillations, Resonance And Its Applications.Wave Motion And Its Characteristics, Theory Of Sound Propagation, Velocity Of Sound And Factors Influencing The Velocity Of Sound, Doppler Effect In Sound, Superposition Of Sound In Space (Stationary Waves) And Time (Beats), Vibrations Of Air Columns And Stretched Strings.

Optics
Geometrical Optics, Reflection And Refraction Of Light, Reflections By Spherical Mirrors, Refraction Through Lenses, Spherical And Chromatic Aberrations, Dispersion And Deviation Of Light Through Prism, Optical Microscopes And Telescopes.

Wave Nature Of Light; Interference, Young's Double Slit Experiment, Lloyd's Mirror And Fresenel's Biprism Techniques For Producing Interference Pattern, Interference Through Thin Film, Colouring Of Thin Films ; Diffraction Of Light Through A Single Slit, Rayleigh's Criteria Of Resolution, Resolving Power Of Optical Instruments ; Concept Of Polarization, Methods Of Producing Polarized Light, Analysis Of Polarized Light, Doppler Effect In Light.

Laser, Its Principle, Characteristics And Applications.

Heat
Thermometry, Idea Of Specific Heat And Heat Capacity, Latent Heats Of Fusion And Vaporization, Variation Of Specific Heats Of Solids, Liquids And Gases With Temperature, Concept Of Degree Of Freedom, Law Of Equipartition Of Energy.

Modes Of Heat Transfer (Conduction, Convection And Radiation); Linear, Surface And Volume Expansion Of Matter On Heating.

Electrodynamics
Electric Field And Electric Potential, Electric Dipole And Its Field, Gauss' Law And Its Applications; Concept Of Capacitance, Energy Stored In A Capacitor, Effect Of Introducing Dielectric And Conducting Slabs Between Plates Of A Capacitor, Dielectric Constant Of Material.

Current Electricity, Kirchoff's Laws And Applications, Thermal And Chemical Effects Of Current, Slide Wire Bridge, Potentiometer, Ammeter And Voltmeter.Magnetic Effects Of Current, Biot-Savert Law And Its Applications, Lorentz Force, Moving Coil Galvanometers ; Laws Of Electromagnetic Induction, Eddy Currents And Its Applications, Self And Mutual Inductance.

Modern Physics
Black Body Radiation Distribution, Photoelectric Effect, Idea Of X-Ray Production, Wave-Matter Duality And De-Broglie Waves, Positionmomentum Uncertainty Principle.

Crystalline And Amorphous Solids, Basic Idea Of Crystal Structures (Simple Cubic, Body- Centered Cubic, Face-Centered Cubic) And Their Characteristics, Close Packing Morphologies, Schottkey And Frenkel Defects In Crystals.

Rutherford Scattering Experiment, Bohr's Model And Hydrogen Spectrum. Nucleus And Its Properties (Mass, Size, Binding Energy, Magnetic And Quadruple Moments), Nuclear Forces And Its Properties, Phenomenon Of Radioactivity And Its Laws, Modes Of Radioactive Decays (A, ß And ?), Nuclear Fission And Fusion.

Algebra
Quadratic Equations, equations reducible to quadratic form, relation between roots and coefficients, Arithmetic Progression, Geometric Progression, Arithmetico-Geometric Progression, Harmonic Progression, Series of Natural Numbers.

Matrices
Concept of linear independence and dependence, Rank of a matrix: Row – Echelon form, System of linear equations: Condition for consistency of system of linear equations, Inverse of a matrix.

Trigonometry
Trigonometric ratios and their relations, ratios of some standard angles, solution of trigonometric equations, sum and difference formulae, product formulae, multiple and sub-multiple angles, solution of triangles.

Coordinate Geometry
Cartesian coordinates, equations of straight line in various forms, intersection of two straight lines, angle between two lines, distance formula. Equation of circle in various forms, tangent and normal to circle.

Differential Calculus of Functions of one variable
Successive Differentiation, Leibnitz Theorem, Expansions of functions: Taylor's and Maclaurin's Series, Formulae for remainder term in Taylor and Maclaurin series, Angle of contingence, Curvature, Radius of curvature, Centre of curvature for curves in Cartesian form. Curvature at the origin: Newton's formulas.

Differential Calculus of Functions of two variables
Concept of limit and continuity of a function of two variables, Partial derivatives, total differential, differentiation of an implicit function, chain rule, change of variables, Jacobian, Taylor's and Maclaurin's series. Maxima and minima of a function of two variables: Lagrange's method of multipliers.

Ordinary Differential Equations
Review of geometrical meaning of the differential equation y'= f (x, y), directional fields, Exact differential equations, Integrating factors.

Integral Calculus
Reduction formula for òsin n x dx, òcosn x dx, òsin m x cosn x dx, ò xm (log x)n dx, ò xneax dx, ò xn sin mx dx, ò xn cos mx dx, Areas of curves, Length of curves, Volume and surface areas of revolution, Double integrals, Change of order of integration, Areas enclosed by plane curves.

Vector Differential Calculus
Vectors and scalar functions and fields, derivatives. Curves, tangents, arc lengths, Curvature and torsion of a curve, Gradient of a Scalar field, Directional Derivative, Divergence of a vector field, Curl of a vector field.

Vector Integral Calculus: Line integrals, Line integrals
independent of path, Green's theorem in the plane, Surface Integrals, Triple integrals, Gauss Divergence Theorem, Stoke's Theorem.

Ecology and Ecosystems
Structure and functions of Ecosystems, producers, consumers & Decomposers, ecological succession, food chains, food webs & ecological pyramids.

Biodiversity and its conservation
Genetics, species, and ecosystem diversity, Biodiversity at global, National and Local levels, Threats to diversity.

Natural Resources

• Air resources, composition, air quality management
• Forest resources, deforestation, case studies, timber extractions, mining, dams and their effects on forests.
• Water Resources: Use and over utilization of surface and water, floods, draught, water quality management.
• Food Resources; World food problems, effects of modern Agriculture, water logging.
• Energy Resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources.
• Land Resources: Land degradation, soil erosion & desertification

Environmental Pollution
Air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, their causes, effects & control measures.Pollution Case Studies, Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.